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Howrah railway station (also known as Howrah Junction) is a railway station located in the city of Howrah, of Kolkata Metropolitan Area, West Bengal, India. It is the largest and busiest railway complex in India, as well as one of the busiest and largest train stations in the world. It is also the oldest surviving railway complex in India. Howrah is one of the five large intercity railway stations serving the Kolkata metropolitan area, the others being , , and Kolkata railway station.
The first public train from the station was on 15 August 1854, on what is now the Howrah – Hooghly Main Line. At present, about 600 passenger trains pass through the station, serving more than 1 million passengers a day. Utilising its 22 operational platforms, the station handles a total of 252 Mail/Express trains and 500 suburban EMU trains daily; ten of the platforms are long enough to cater to trains with more than 24 coaches. Goods and parcel trains also originate and terminate here. The Howrah–Barddhaman main line is the busiest line that connects this station.
On 17 June 1851, George Turnbull, the Chief Engineer of the East Indian Railway Company and his team of engineers submitted plans for a railway station at Howrah. Unaware of the future significance of railways in India, the government decided against purchasing the land and expensive waterfront required for the project in January 1852. Turnbull then developed alternative development plans that estimated the cost at 250,000 Indian rupee. In October 1852, four tenders for the building of the station were received: they varied from 190,000 to 274,526 rupees. The size of the construction project - of whether Howrah should be a large station or Howrah be a smaller station in favour of a larger station being developed at another time - was debated from time to time during this process. Eventually land was bought.
The first experimental locomotive left Howrah on for the 37.5 miles to Pandoah.Diaries of George Turnbull (Chief Engineer, East Indian Railway Company) held at the Centre of South Asian Studies at Cambridge University, England George Turnbull, C. E . pages 110, 121, 122, 125 and 127 of the 437-page memoirs published privately 1893, scanned copy held in the British Library, London on compact disk since 2007 There was a gap between laying the line and opening it up since the ship carrying the carriages sank while the locomotive ended up in Australia. Eventually the carriages were built locally and the locomotive was directed to Calcutta. The first public departure from Howrah for the 23.5 miles to Hooghly district was on 15 August 1854. During this period, the station was located at what is now the office of the divisional railway manager of Howrah. It consisted of one line and platform, a ticket window and a supporting building. Two weeks later the line to Pundoah was opened. In the first 4 months, over 109,000 passengers used the service. The locomotive was of the same type as the Fairy Queen.
Indians on their way to European colonies in the early 1800s came through the Howrah Station.
The increase of residents in the region around Howrah and Kolkata and the booming economy lead to an increasing demand for rail travel. Also, the rail network kept on growing continuously, e.g. was the bridge over the Rupnarayan River at Kolaghat completed on 19 April 1900 and connected Howrah with Kharagpur. The Bengal-Nagpur Railway was extended to Howrah in 1900, thus making Howrah an important railway centre. So in 1901, a new station building was proposed. The British architect Halsey Ricardo designed the new station. It was opened to the public on 1 December 1905, and completed by 1911.
In the 1980s, the station was expanded to 15 platforms. At the same time, a new Yatri Niwas (transit passenger facility) was built south of the original station frontage.
The new terminal complex was finished in 1992, creating a total of 19 platforms. This was extended by a further four platforms in 2009.
On 3 March 1969, the inaugural Rajdhani Express departed Howrah for New Delhi. In October 2011, India's first double-decker train, Howrah–Dhanbad Double Decker Express, left Howrah for Dhanbad. The first service of the Antyodaya Express, the Howrah–Ernakulam Antyodaya Express, was inaugurated in February 2017.
As per Indian Green Building Council, it was awarded CII-IGBC Silver Rating becoming the first green railway station among metropolitan cities in India.
The book Vibrant Edifice: The Saga of Howrah Station by Eastern Railways was released in 2005. This was written to celebrate the centenary of the building.
The tram terminus was partially closed in 1971 while the Bandhaghat and Shibpur lines were closed. Many unauthorized vehicles and pedestrians began to traverse the tram tracks and so the routes were not continued. The terminus station was converted to underpasses and a bus terminus. The part of the tram terminus for other routes continued to function until 1992, when the Rabindra Setu (Howrah Bridge) was declared unfit to carry trams because it was a cantilever bridge.
The South Eastern Railway, operates local trains to Amta, Mecheda, Panskura, Haldia, Tamluk, Medinipur and Kharagpur and mail and express trains to Central, West and South India. South Eastern Railway, connects with the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR) route to Mumbai and Chennai. Eastern Railway and South Eastern Railway sections are connected by two links. One is the LiluaTikiapara link (used only by goods train) and the other is the Rajchandrapur/DankuniSantragachhi/Andul link, which is used by goods trains and some express trains avoiding Howrah.
Four major rail routes end at Howrah. They are the Howrah–Delhi, Howrah–Mumbai, Howrah–Chennai and Howrah–Guwahati routes.
The station has 22 platforms. Platforms 1 to 15 are located in the old complex, referred to as "Terminal 1". It serves the local and long-distance trains of Eastern Railway and local trains of South Eastern Railway. Platforms 17 to 23 are in the new complex, referred to as "Terminal 2". It serves the long-distance trains of South Eastern Railway. Currently Platform No. 8 in "Terminal 1" is the longest in Howrah Station at , followed by Platform No. 21 in "Terminal 2" which is long & Current Platform No. 1 "Terminal 1" in which is long. Work is going on at Platform No. 1 far end to link the long Goods Train Platform under Bankim Setu, which is slated to be completed by 2025. Once completed Platform No. 1 of Howrah Station "Terminal 1" will measure a staggering in length & become the 3rd Longest railway Platform in India & in the World. Indian Railways are also constructing Platform No. 16 in "Terminal 1" and Platform No. 24 and 25 in "Terminal 2" as envisioned to expand this railway junction.
There is a large covered waiting area between the main complex and the platforms and other areas for passengers awaiting connecting trains. Free wifi is present at the station. In addition, there is a transit passenger facility with dormitory, single-room and double-room accommodation. First-class passengers wait in an air-conditioned area with balcony views of the Kolkata Skyline and the Howrah Bridge.
The station platforms have carriageways for motor vehicles within the complex including two carriageways to platforms 8 and 9 for Eastern Railway and to platforms 21 and 22 for South Eastern Railway. Flyovers at the ends of the platforms allow motor vehicles to exit the complex quickly.
Sampath Rail Yatri Niwas and Regional Rail Museum are a part of "Terminal 2" Howrah station complex.
| +Diesel Loco Shed, Howrah !Serial No. !Locomotive Class !Horsepower !Holding | |||
| 1. | WDM-3A | 3100 | 13 |
| 2. | WDM-3D | 3300 | 16 |
| 3. | WDP-4/4B/4D | 4000/4500 | 18 |
| 4. | WAP-4 | 5050 | 39 |
| Total Locomotives Active as of July 2025 | 86 | ||
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